Highlights
- Gas heaters recover hot water faster, ideal for large households.
- Electric models have lower emissions in Seattle’s clean energy grid.
- Installation needs differ: gas requires venting, electric needs higher amperage.
- Total cost includes hidden expenses like panel upgrades or new venting.
- Seattle rebates available for high-efficiency and electric models.
Choosing between an electric and gas water heater affects how much hot water you get, how much you spend each month, and how your home handles energy. Seattle homeowners also need to think about local energy rates, environmental impact, and future building code changes. This guide breaks down the main differences to help you make a clear, informed choice.
Performance and Hot Water Recovery
Gas water heaters typically recover hot water faster than electric models. This is helpful in homes where multiple people shower back-to-back or when hot water is used for laundry and dishes in the same hour.
Three important performance metrics are:
- First Hour Rating (FHR): How much hot water a unit can deliver in the first hour of use.
- Recovery Rate: How quickly the tank refills and reheats water.
- Tank Size and Efficiency: The amount of water available and how well the system holds temperature.
In busy households, a gas water heater usually handles peak use better. Homes with many people, frequent bathing, or high appliance use may notice fewer delays with gas.
Energy Efficiency and Environmental Impact
Efficiency ratings show how much energy a water heater uses to heat water. Most modern models include:
- UEF (Uniform Energy Factor): The standard rating system.
- EF (older Energy Factor ratings): Sometimes found on older models.
- ENERGY STAR certification: Indicates higher-than-average efficiency.
In Seattle, electric water heaters often have a lower carbon footprint. The local grid gets most of its power from hydropower, which produces fewer emissions than burning natural gas. Electric models also avoid on-site combustion, reducing indoor air concerns.
The environmental impact includes:
- Resource extraction (mining gas or building power plants)
- Operation emissions (produced during daily use)
- Disposal and recycling of the unit after its lifespan
Installation and Infrastructure Requirements
Gas water heaters need more ventilation and plumbing. Electric units need more power but less venting.
Typical gas water heater requirements:
- A gas supply line
- A flue or vent to exhaust gases
- A drip pan and sediment trap to meet local code
Electric water heater requirements:
- A 240-volt circuit
- Sufficient amperage, often 30 to 40 amps
- Ground fault protection in some installations
Installation mistakes can cause safety risks and poor performance. Common issues include improper venting, undersized panels, missing seismic straps, and inadequate drainage.
Cost Over 10 Years
Total cost includes more than the price of the unit. You need to consider installation, energy use, and maintenance.
There are four main cost areas:
- The unit itself
- Installation work
- Energy used over time
- Ongoing service and repairs
To compare operating costs:
- Check the unit’s UEF
- Use Seattle’s energy rates
- Estimate daily hot water use
- Multiply to get annual energy use
- Compare energy costs between gas and electric
Some hidden costs to keep in mind:
- Electric models may need panel upgrades
- Gas models may require new venting or piping
- Permits and code updates can add to total cost
Lifespan, Maintenance, and Safety
Water heaters last 8 to 15 years, depending on care and water quality. Hard water, lack of flushing, and poor installation can shorten lifespan.
Factors that affect lifespan:
- Water hardness or sediment buildup
- Regular maintenance (such as flushing or anode rod replacement)
- Quality of materials
- Installation practices
Maintenance differences:
- Both types need occasional flushing
- Gas units need vent and flue checks
- Electric models have fewer moving parts
Safety concerns include:
- Gas: Leaks, carbon monoxide, and combustion risks
- Electric: Shock risk and electrical overload
- Both types in Seattle require seismic strapping, a drip pan, and sometimes an expansion tank
Rebates, Utility Rates, and Future Trends
Seattle has some of the lowest electricity rates in the country, while natural gas rates are rising. Both Seattle City Light and Puget Sound Energy offer rebates for high-efficiency water heaters.
Rebates can apply to:
- ENERGY STAR gas and electric models
- Heat pump water heaters
- Tankless or condensing units in some cases
Seattle is moving toward home electrification. Future building codes may restrict or discourage new natural gas installations. Choosing a high-efficiency electric model can reduce the risk of needing to retrofit your home later.
Conclusion
Gas and electric water heaters both work well, but the best choice depends on your home’s setup, energy use, and long-term plans. Gas may offer faster hot water recovery. Electric models are more efficient in Seattle’s clean grid. Installation needs, costs, safety, and city policies should all factor into your final decision.